News Archive - older news items are stored here.

2008 News

27 July 2008 Sam Nakagawa won the Sunday Fun Tournament. Rapidly improving young Wilson Huang won the kyu division.

23 July 2008 The meeting formerly entitled Chermside Library Meeting is now the Northside Meeting and meets at Amelia's Place .

23 July 2008 Brisbane - born go prodigy Joanne Missingham came 2nd out of eighty-eight entrants in the Chinese Women's Pro Exam, and thus becomes the first ever Australian citizen to become a professional go player. Considering that there are probably no more that 1,500 go professionals in the whole world, this is an amazing feat. Joanne's final result in the exam was 9-2.

30 June 2008 Final Meeting at Pancake Manor Tuesday 1 July 2008! Finally after thirty years of patronage by the Pancake Manor, our relationship comes to an end. Come along to the final meeting, and have dinner with us by way of thanks for a relationship which was of immeasurable benefit to the BGC. From 8th July 2008 the Tuesday evening meetings will be held at the Queensland Contract Bridge Club, 67 Ipswich Rd. Woolloongabba. Please do not park under the building - use the parking lot behind the club off Wilton St., and go in the back door at the bottom end of the parking lot.

10 May, 2008 At our last general meeting, the club decided to apply to be an incorporated association, and adopted a new constitution for the purpose. On the tenth of May the paperwork came through from the Queensland Government, and we now are officially the Brisbane Go Club, Inc. For the record: we are a level three association, too small to require full annual auditing, we have determined that we don't need and don't want any public liability insurance, so don't have any, and the records of the association are kept by the secretary, contact him if you want a look.

19 - 20 April 2008 NEC Cup, Melbourne This year only two BGC players attended the 12th NEC Cup. Erli Qiu won Division 3 for 3 kyu and below. Congratulations Erli! John Hardy was unable to make an impact in Division 1. This handicap event is worth a trip if you have a weekend to spare.

12 - 13 April 2008 5th Keio Old Boys Visit This annual event was again successfully completed. BGC hosted a BBQ on Saturday night (thanks Mark for the delicious steak, beautifully cooked) and then Mr. Yamashita 9 dan arranged a go quiz for everyone which was a lot of fun. The traditional teams match on the Sunday was won by Keio 18 - 15, a creditable performance by BGC. Keio hosted us to their traditional seafood dinner to end the weekend activities.

The club passed some big changes at this year's AGM. The most important was the new fee structure, which has changed to an annual fee of $25, entitling the member to free play at our main meetings. Bona fide students pay a reduced rate of $15, while persons under 16 at 1st April 2008 join as associate members at no charge.

15 - 16 March 2008 Queensland Go Championship The Queensland Go Championship was held at the BBC on 15 - 16 Mar. 2008. The Open Division was won by Kevin Jiang 5 dan. Erli Qiu 3 kyu won Division 2, and Wilson Huang 16 kyu won Division 3. Total attendance was 21 players. John Hardy was the TD.

16th February 2008 Aspiring Stars Remax Cup David Na 5 dan won Div. 1 of the Aspiring Stars tournament on 16th February. Jeremy Wen 6 kyu won Div. 2 and Wilson Huang 18 kyu won Div. 3. A fun day was had by the twenty-six players who attended.

20th January 2008 4th Toyota & Denso Cup The 4th Toyota and Denso Cup is over. Joanne Missingham, aged 13, a former Brisbane girl, won the top Division with a perfect score. She will represent Australia in the next round of this worldwide tournament, to be held later in the year in Japan. Link is at (Tournaments)

16 December 2007 BGC Christmas Party A fun tournament was held on 16th December at the BBC, with 20 minutes each plus 10 sec. byo-yomi. After four rounds in the dan division, John Hardy won the prize with 4-0. The kyu division played six rounds and Bill Purse emerged the winner. The day was efficiently organised by Horatio Davis.

9 - 12 November 2007  18th International Pair Go Championship John Hardy and Amelia Gray of the BGC were lucky enough to be selected to represent Australia at this tournament in Tokyo. Both had a wonderful time, meeting many new friends from some of the 32 countries taking part. Pair go is really a lot of fun. You can read John's report on the Pair Go page and also find out more about pair go.

29 - 30 September 2007 Australian Go Championship    This year the "Nats" was held in Sydney. David He 7 dan won the Open. At the AGM of the Australian Go Association, John Hardy of Brisbane was elected President for a third term. Read more on the AGA website. Next year the Nats. will be held in Canberra.

11-15th April, 2007 - 4th Annual Keio Old Boys Visit

The Keio Old Boys made their 4th annual visit to Brisbane on 11 - 15 April 2007. As usual BGC members played friendly go on some evenings with the strong Keio players. BGC hosted a "hangi" BBQ on Saturday evening and on Sunday the traditional teams match was held, which was won by Keio 22 - 10. On Sunday evening the Keio group hosted a seafood dinner.

Club News 2007

8/1/07 MyungJi University Korean delegation led by Dae Hahn visited Brisbane and friendly go games were played at the QCBC.

20/1/07 A few BGC players including John Hardy and Jason Mackay-Dwyer manned a stall at the Brisbane Square Games Exhibition. A number of members of the public were shown how to play go. Unfortunately no new members were obtained from this publicity initiative.
17 - 18/2/07 Qld Go Championships 2007 was held at the Brisbane Bridge Centre on 17 - 18 February 2007. There was a good attendance to enjoy the matches. Akira Tamura 5 dan won the Open Division. Amelia Gray 4 kyu won the 1st Kyu Division, and Jeremy Wen 10 kyu won the 2nd Kyu Division.
24/2/07 Our new Committee member Larry Wen organised a new Club meeting at the Sunnybank Hills Library on the last Saturday of every month, starting at 12.45pm. About 12 - 15 people attended the first meeting including a number of children who wanted to learn how to play. Three of these monthly meetings have proved to be a huge success with many beginners and stronger players attending. Quite a few members have been enrolled at this meeting.

Club News 2006

Two of our Keio Old Boys friends made a surprise visit to Brisbane recently. Mr. Kanazawa, tour company President, and Mr Kayano, go salon proprietor, stayed for a few days. On Sunday 24/9/06 a few BGC members attended their Good Hope Residence for friendly go games and a light lunch. Mr. Kayano 7 dan provided tough competition for all comers.
The BGC hosted the 2006 Australian Go Championship on 30/9 and 1/10/06. The event was held at the Brisbane Bridge Centre (BBC) at 104 Frederick St. Yeronga. This is a wonderful venue at a great price, although it might get a bit hot in the summer months. The attendance was disappointing, but the participants had fun competing for a swag of prizes. The Mainland Chinese Society of Queensland assisted with some aspects of the organisation and this proved to be a successful partnership. All participants gave a big thumbs up to the Sunday lunch organised by MCSQ at a very cheap rate. Winner of the Open was Raphael Shin 7 dan. Our own Rodney Topor 5 kyu took out the Kyu Division, while Jeremy Wen won the Beginner Division.

   Membership at the end of 2006 was 53, down again from the 2005 figure of 65, and way short of our target of 90.

Club News 2005

2005 activities kicked off with the AGM on 20th February at Griffith Uni. Library Room 2.19. The most significant matter to come from the AGM was a new Constitution, modernised with a view to future growth. One important effect for members is that the $10 paid for 2005 now carries through until 31/3/06.
Some members expressed interest in developing some Saturday go activities, and action will be taken on this in the near future.
The usual handicap tournament was held after the meeting with 19 people participating. We had a dan group of six players, won by Chullho Rhee 5 dan, second John Hardy 2 dan. Thirteen kyu players slugged it out and finally Horatio Davis 12 kyu won it with Jason Mackay - Dwyer second, both places determined on SOS. Once again, everyone had a fun day.

Membership at the end of February is forty-five. Target 90. Can we do it?

The NEC Cup was held in April 2005 and Rodney Topor 6 kyu was the only entrant from Brisbane. Rodney came 4th in his division and won a prize. Congratulations!

The 2005 Queensland Go Championship was a fun event as usual, with some new faces, but sadly missing some past regular attenders. The attendance was still respectable with a total of 25 players. The Open was won by a new member who joined just one week before the event. Jong Hwa Shin was a clear winner with 5/6. It was a tense tussle and there were a few upsets along the way. The following performances were worthy of note. Lauren Bull 3 kyu entered the Open, and managed to win games against a 1 dan and a 2 dan. Johnson Chung entered Kyu Division 2 as 18 kyu and was promoted twice to 16 kyu, but still managed to win all his games. Johnson has only been playing for three months. Watch out for these two players in the future.

Open Division
1st Jong Hwa Shin 5 dan (Trophy + $160.00)
2nd Kai Le Su 6 dan (Trophy + $90.00)
3rd Chullho Rhee 5 dan (Trophy + $50.00)
Encouragement Award Lauren Bull 3 kyu

Kyu Division 1 (7 kyu +)
1st Rene Hexel 5 kyu (Trophy + book)
2nd Rodney Topor 6 kyu (Book)
3rd Bill Leveritt 3 kyu (book)

Encouragement Award Jason Mackay-Dwyer 7 kyu
Kyu Division 2 (below 7 kyu)
1st Johnson Chung 16 kyu (Trophy + book)
2nd Mariko Hulme 18 kyu (book)
Encouragement Award Amelia Gray 11 kyu

Formation of Int. Mind Sports Assn.
The world associations of bridge, chess, draughts and go have formed the International Mind Sports Association. The objects are to organise a four - yearly games, and to further the teaching of mind sports in schools. Here is the press release.

The Keio Old Boys group visit was again a popular event. The visit commenced with friendly go at their Good Hope Residence at Stretton on Wednesday 25th May 2005. On Saturday 28th May a memorable BBQ day out was held at President Mark Bell's farm near Maleny. The visitors were all very impressed with the 4WD ride to the top of Mark's spectacular property. On Sunday there was friendly go before lunch, followed by the traditional team match of two rounds. This was won by Keio 14-6. Some of the Brisbane participants have suddenly become very keen to improve, so that's a benefit we gain from this visit by very strong players. The day was rounded out with a delicious dinner hosted by the visitors.

A group of Korean players, students of the baduk (go) department of MyongJi University, and their teachers, visited the BGC on 7 July 2005. Friendly instructional games against the visitors were played at our alternate venue, the QCBC. Their highest players are future pros. and they duly beat our strongest players giving handicap. Their team leader, Dae Hahn, has lost none of the skill he showed as a twelve time winner of the Australian Open back in the 70s and 80s. Congratulations to Rodney Topor, the only person to win a game against the visitors. It was a fun night and we hope these visitors will come again one day.

Two Brisbane players, Mark Bell 3 dan and Lauren Bull 1 dan have been selected to represent Australia in the International Pairs Go Championship in Tokyo in November 2005. Congratulations to Lauren and Mark on their selection, we wish them well in this event. (Late news - the Oz team managed to win 1 out of 5 games against tough opposition).
John Hardy, Mark Bell and Lauren Bull formed the Queensland contingent to the 28th Australian Go Championship in Melbourne on 1 - 2 October 2005. There were no startling good results on the go board, but John was elected President of the Australian Go Association. Brisbane will hold the 29th AGC in October 2006. This year, the Open was won by an 11 y/o boy, Kevin Chen, now resident in Melbourne. Things are getting exciting in Australian go.

A delegation of Chinese players from the Hangzhou Weiqi Association visited Brisbane on Tuesday 8th November. There were nine people, of whom seven were go players. Two 7 dans and two 5 dans played simultaneous matches against our members. Mr Yiming Guo 8 dan, AGA Vice President, escorted the group. The meeting was held at The Queensland Contract Bridge Club. The BGC presented small gifts to the visitors. The Hangzhou Weichi Association is one of the largest in China, with its own 36 story building, of which they use six floors.

         

On Saturday 17/12/05 a go day and Christmas Party was held at the QCBC. Nine members attended and had a fun day of go and a social lunch.

 The BGC has 60 members as at 31/12/05 - a bit short of our 2004 total and a long way short of our goal. We need to conduct promotion to find new beginners in 2006.

On Saturday 31/12/05 a go day was held at the QCBC. Twelve members attended and had a fun day of go and a social lunch.

On Saturday 7/1/06 a go day was held at the QCBC. Fourteen people attended and had a fun day of go and a social lunch. It was a farewell appearance for Jong Hwa Shin who has been with us for about one year. Jong returns to Korea next week.

Jong plays Steve as Mr. Rhee looks on.

On Saturday 14/1/06 a go day was held at the QCBC. Fifteen people attended and had a fun day of go and a social lunch. This was the final preparation and grading session for the Toyota Cup.

The AGM was held on 26/2/06 at the QCBC. An uneventful meeting saw the usual reports presented, and elections conducted. Andrew Lewis (Secretary) and Rodney Topor retired from the Committee. Rene Hexel (Secretary), Lauren Bull, Amelia Gray and Jason Mackay-Dwyer joined the remaining Committee members who were reelected. Jason and Amelia bring youth to the Committee and this is appropriate given the number of young members. The usual AGM handicap tournament was played as a one division event with 18 entrants. The dan player prize of $30 was won by Lauren Bull 1 dan, and the kyu player prize of $20 was won by James Chown in a photo finish determined on SOS.

On Sunday 5/3/06 a go day was held at the QCBC. Six people attended and had a fun day of go and a social lunch. Under the new cost structure this number of people is not viable, and future days at QCBC will be dependent on getting higher numbers.

We tried a new venue for go on Saturday 18/3/06 - the Brisbane Bridge Centre at Annerley. It was VERY roomy for the six people who attended. It was the second last attendance for our old friend Cecil Kuo who returns to Taiwan soon.

2005 membership total was 65, short of the record 72 members in 2004.

Wednesday evening classes kicked off again on 15/3/06 at the QCBC, as per a published schedule. Four beginners started with Lessons 1 and 2. That's an encouraging start.

The third Keio Old Boys visit occurred from 4 - 9 April 2006. Our President Mark Bell took the visitors for an outing on Friday 7 April. On Saturday 8 April we played casual go at their Good Hope Residence, and then BGC hosted a BBQ dinner there. On Sunday 9 April the annual team match was held, with BGC holding the visitors to a respectable 16 all draw. The Keio team then hosted a dinner party to wrap up the festivities. The event is very popular and it is a great way to gain playing experience against the strong Keio players.

    

Club News 2004

The 2nd Toyota and Denso Cup was held by the BGC from 18th - 20th January 2004. A fantastic success, the report is at the 2nd Toyota and Denso Cup website.

The 2004 AGM was held on Sunday 15th February 2004, followed by a tournament at the Pancake Manor. A fun day was had by all twenty-six participants. Lauren Bull was the winner, Paul Matthews 2nd, and Cecil Kuo 3rd. Claire Daniel won the 16 kyu and under division, and also won the Best Under 16 prize. This day was distinguished by its large entry (30% above last year) and by the entry of four of our Under 16 members from the Wednesday night session. The handicap tournament was based on 100 points per game, divided between the winner and loser depending on the result. A number of people had to be promoted during the tournament as their starting rank had been underestimated.

A friendly handicap tournament was held at John Hardy's place on Saturday 6th March 2004. Nine members participated in a points style tournament, with time limits 25 minutes each plus 30 seconds byoyomi. The event was won by Chullho Rhee 5 dan, and second was James Chown 5 kyu (promoted to 4 kyu after one round). Lunch was provided and a barbecue was held after play ended. Everyone seemed to have a good time, and other similar events will be held in future.

The 2004 Queensland Go Championship was held at Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Library Room 2.19 on Saturday and Sunday 20 - 21 March 2004. A record number of participants attended, with 13 dan players, 10 kyu players and four beginners from the Wednesday evening group who played a mini - tournament on Sunday only.
There was one interstate entry, and I guess it only takes one! Raphael Shin 7 dan from Sydney took out the championship for the second year running. The locals benefit from this strong competition, and there were many post mortem discussions with Raphael. The competition in the kyu group proved very tough, with three players finishing on 4 wins, requiring tie breakers to sort out the placings. In the end, second place was shared. It was also pleasing to see our beginners (all of whom were under 16) participate yet again - good on you all. Results:
Open Division
1st Raphael Shin 7 dan
2nd Chullho Rhee 5 dan
3rd Satoshi Hirashiki 4 dan
Kyu Division
1st Klaus Fuhrmann 7 kyu
2nd = Bill Leveritt 3 kyu
2nd = Lauren Bull 4 kyu
Beginner Division
1st Claire Daniel 23 kyu (Under 16 Champion)
2nd Lachlan Fraser 28 kyu

Wednesday night is proving to be a fun night, with so many beginners. On the 7th April we had 17 players including 14 beginners. All members are invited to come along for a bit of fun as most of these are high schoolers, and they are fun to talk to and to play with. A Wednesday Night League commenced on 7/4/04 for Members from 21 kyu to 30 kyu. There are seven players in it and they will play everyone - there are a couple of prizes on offer.

As from Tuesday 31st March 2004 the Pancake Manor management moved the club to the downstairs room. I was not there on that day but apparently this was due to issues of our growing numbers, and of obstruction of waitresses by people standing in aisles. For the time being, no decision has been made to ask to discuss this with the Pancake Manor management. I personally plan to give the new room a fair trial, as there are some benefits, not least of which is better communication with our members. However, we lose the visibility we had upstairs, where the "How to Play Go" pamphlets and the BGC information sheet were being taken at a steady rate by the public. If anyone has any comment about this development, please contact me or another committee member to discuss it.

Recently the BGC achieved a milestone when the 50th member joined. I do not recall any other time in the Club's history when we reached this figure. It is just great to see this boom - many of the Club stalwarts have worked hard over the years to publicise Go and try to build up the membership.

Anyone who was concerned by the poor level of lighting in the downstairs room at the Manor should come back and check it out now. The Club purchased a couple of lamps, and Barbie, the Tuesday evening manager kicked in with another half dozen, so the room looks brilliant now.

Mr. Ivan Pineyro, Secretary of the Chile Go Club, visited our Club on Tuesday 27th April 2004. He's in town for about a month so he will probably be a regular player for a while. Please make him welcome.

The 1st Tuesday Evening Knockout Tournament was conducted during April and May 2004, and was completed on 18/5/04. The event was won by our champion player, Chullho Rhee 5 dan, who beat Rodney Topor 6 kyu in the final. Chullho shouted the club members drinks or coffee with his $50 prize. Congratulations to Chullho on yet another tournament victory. He is definitely the man to beat. Congratulations also to Rodney who fought some tough games to get to the final.

The 1st Wednesday League was completed on 26 May 2004. The winner was Jason Mackay-Dwyer, and second was Kevin Paice, who just edged out Marcel Schlamowitz on a tie - breaker. First prize was a book and a Toyota Cup shirt, and second prize was a book.

The Club was approached by Mr. Kanazawa, the owner of a Japanese Tour company, to meet with a large group of Japanese go players in a friendly exchange. There were thirteen amateur go players from 1 dan to 9 dan with most at the upper end of that range. All are old boys from the Keio University Go Club. I met them at the airport on Wednesday 2nd June 2004 and they came in to the Club that evening. It will be a long time before we get that many people in the downstairs room again - 32! Arrangements were made for evening meetings and a small number of members took advantage of the opportunity to play against these strong players. On Saturday evening Mr. Nebashi 9 dan gave a lesson at the Stretton residence, and then we had a fun game of rengo (team go game).
On Sunday 6th June around twenty club members visited the Stretton residence and played friendly go, followed by lunch. In the afternoon, we played a two round team tournament, which was won by Keio 15 - 11. Then they hosted us to a sukiyaki party prepared to perfection by Mr. Gunjiro Kobayashi, a Brisbane chef. It was a marvellous, friendly day, and the perfect way to end the visit of our new found friends.

For a long time the BGC has muddled along in its affairs, but society has changed drastically in the last thirty years. The BGC needs a new constitution. In particular, as a matter of urgency, two clauses need to be added to ensure we retain our tax exempt non - profit status. Soon a notice of a special general meeting will be issued to allow those two clauses to be added - (non - distribution clause, dissolution clause). Details of the proposed clauses can be read on the notice board at the club, and also on this website, as from Tuesday 20/7/04. If anyone wants to volunteer to assist in a complete review of the constitution, please contact John Hardy.

SIXTY!! That was the number of members as of Tuesday 19th July 2004. What should our next target be?

The 2nd Wednesday League was completed on 21st July 2004, and the winner was Claire Daniel, who was undefeated. The Wednesday nighters are all making good progress, and three have dropped below 20 kyu, so will no longer be eligible for Wednesday Leagues.

The new initiative Brisbane Go Club Online on KGS kicked off with a bang and a whimper. The bang was on the inaugural meeting on Thursday 29th July 2004, when nine members attended and had a fun, but frenetic, evening of time schedule go. Robert Price won a book prize for most wins in the session. The whimper was at the first Saturday meeting, with only two persons there to kick off the session. Another person joined in later, and after a round robin of games, Rene Hexel won a book prize for most wins. Despite the poor showing on Saturday afternoon, I feel that the BGC Online experiment is worth pursuing, and I believe it will achieve its objectives. Feedback is being sought from members and attendees as to how we might change and improve the experience.
Would BGC members please note - to join BGC Online you must register with John Hardy. By the way, future sessions will be less organised - arrive whenever you like and play whoever you like. While I'm there, though, I will be noting game results for future grading purposes.
Already a number of non-members have expressed interest in BGCO, and after a trial period we will consider how best to bring in various guests.

A Special General Meeting was held at the Pancake Manor at 7.30pm on Tuesday 7th September 2004, to vote upon the proposed additions to the Constitution. A quorum (min. 16) was obtained and the meeting voted unanimously in favour of the changes. The amended Constitution is posted on this website.

On Tuesday 19th October 2004 a group of people from the Mensa Club of Brisbane visited the BGC to learn about go. Eleven people attended, and we soon had them playing after a basic lesson. Thanks to Bill Leveritt, a Mensa member himself, for organising this event. Opportunities to publicise go and the BGC are always welcome.

SEVENTY-ONE! That was the number of BGC members at 31st October 2004, including nine Under 16 players. What a great year it has been for the club. Since then it has risen to 72, but the books for this year are closed.

Wednesday night attendances have shown no sign of flagging - in fact, they are growing. These days it is rare for Tuesday night attendance to be higher than Wednesday. Recently some Tuesday nighters have started to show up on Wednesday as guest teachers, which has helped to take the pressure off John and James, the regular teachers. There has been excellent growth in the skills of some Wednesday nighters, with three up around the 12 kyu mark after just one year, and a few others hot on their heels. With so many young people, Wednesday night is a real buzz - come along some time and see for yourself.

Now that November draws to a close, it is clear that the BGC Online initiative has not been the success story of the year. There will be some changes to the session times, in particular the Saturday afternoon session will probably be axed. Nothing much more is likely to happen this year, but next year we will try to kindle some interest in BGCO. One new initiative by a BGCO member, Andrew Gray, was to put in a 'bot based on GnuGo. Its nick is postneo, and despite having poor strategic judgement, it is still an opponent to watch out for in the infighting, as I learned to my dismay. It is rated 12 kyu on KGS.

The final activity of 2004 was a Christmas social at John Hardy's place, attended by about ten people. A few drinks and nibblies plus social go were the order of the day.

Club News 2003

From 19th - 23rd April 2003 Mr Isamu Miwa (known as Miwa), a 5 dan Japanese amateur, visited Brisbane. He had contacted club organisers as his main purpose was to meet go players and play Go. John Hardy and Andrew Pullin both spent a little time showing him around Brisbane, and a special go afternoon was held on Sunday 20th April. Miwa attended the club on Tuesday night, playing one game for a win. He said he was exhausted as Andrew had already played him three games during the day. I think it is marvellous how go brings people together.

On Tuesday 22nd April 2003 the club was also honoured by a visit from Samuel Yang from Melbourne. Samuel, who is 6 dan, was one of the teachers at the open day we held during the Toyota and Denso Cup. He played a number of our stronger players, losing only once to Steve Carson by half a point in an exciting game. Visits by strong players are always welcome, and Samuel was particularly helpful in going over games with the players.

The Queensland Go Championship was held on 24th - 25th May 2003, at Room 2.19 in the Griffith University Library. Entry fee was $25.00 for AGA members including lunch on both days. Trophies and cash prizes for overall first and kyu division first, plus other minor prizes. The Open Division was won by a surprise entry, Raphael Shin from Sydney; second was Mark Bell. The Kyu Division was won by James Chown; second was Klaus Fuhrmann, and the encouragement award was won by Lauren Bull.

On 26th - 27th July 2003 Mr Song-sheng Wu 9p visited Brisbane to teach us about Go. The venue was Griffith University Library Room 2.19. Mr Wu is the AGA's Honorary Coach, dating back to his period of Australian residence in the '80's. He endeavoured to show the attendees his concept of "reasonable Go", and everyone came away with some helpful idea.

Contact John Hardy on 07-33988898, or Mobile 0409-786050, or

Last updated 12 May 2007